Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also known as Hem Chandra Bhargava or Hemu Vikramaditya or simply Hemu (Hindi: सम्राट हेम चंद्र विक्रमादित्य) (1501-1556) was a Hindu Emperor of India during the 1500s. He fought Afghan rebels[1][2] across North India from the Punjab to Bengal[3] and the Mughal forces of Akbar and Humayun in Agra and Delhi,[4] winning 22 battles without a single setback.[5][6][7][8] He assumed the title of Vikramaditya after acceding to the throne of Delhi[9] This was one of the crucial periods in Indian history, when the Mughals and Afghans were desperately vying for power. The son of a food seller, and himself a vendor of saltpetre at Rewari,[10] he rose to become Chief of Army and Prime Minister[11][12] under the command of Adil Shah Suri of the Suri Dynasty. He acceded to the throne of Delhi on October 7, 1556.[13] His Rajyabhishek or coronation was at Purana Quila in Delhi, where he was bestowed the title of Samrat.[9] Hemu re-established the Hindu Kingdom (albeit for a short duration) after over 350 years.[13] Hemu struck coins, bearing his title.[14]
Early life
Hemu was born at Machheri village of Alwar District in Rajasthan in the year 1501.[15] His father Rai Puran Das, a Brahmin,[16] was engaged in Purohiti,[15] the performing of Hindu religious ceremonies as a profession. However, due to persecution of Hindus, who performed religious ceremonies, by Mughals, Rai Puran Das could not make both ends meet as a Purohit, therefore he gave up Purohiti and moved to Qutabpur (now Hemu Nagar) in Rewari in Mewat,what is present day Haryana. Hemu's father started trading (breaking the caste barrier) in salt in Qutabpur, and Hemu was brought up and educated there.[17]
Apart from learning Sanskrit and Hindi, he was educated in Persian, Arabic and Arithmetic.[18] During his childhood, he was fond of exercise and Kushti (Wrestling) and while crushing salt in an Imam Dasta (an iron pot and hammer), he would monitor his strength.[17] He trained in horse-riding at his friend Sehdev's village. His friend Sehdev was a Rajput[17] and he participated in all the battles which Hemu fought later,[17] except the Second Battle of Panipat. Hemu was brought up in religious environment; his father was a member of Vallabh Sampradai of Vrindavan and visited various Teerth (religious sites)[18] as far as Sindh in present Pakistan।
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